Social Game for Building Energy Efficiency: Incentive Design

We design an incentive mechanism via a social game to encourage energy-efficient behavior of building occupants. Occupants receive points influencing lottery-winning probabilities. We estimate occupant utilities and model the interaction with the building manager as a reversed Stackelberg game with multiple non-cooperative followers. The resulting bilevel optimization is solved using particle swarm optimization; the induced leader choice yields a Nash equilibrium derived from the player-state distribution.